Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 22. Mája 2015, 18:57

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Ferretti, N., Copperi, S., Schwerdt, L. & Pompozzi, G. (2015). First record of Vitalius roseus (Mello-Leitão, 1923) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in Argentina: distribution map, natural history, and sexual behaviour. Arachnology 16(7): 241-243.
This is the first record for the species Vitalius roseus (Mello- Leitão, 1923) in Argentina. The present study expands the known geographic distribution of the species to western Uruguay River. Data on natural history and sexual behaviour of the species is provided.
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Vitalius roseus - samica, dospely samec je sfarbeny podobne.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 16. Júna 2015, 19:58

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Machkour-M'Rabet et al. 2015. Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae): an opportunistic endoparasitoid of the endangered Mexican
redrump tarantula, Brachypelma vagans (Araneae: Theraphosidae). The Journal of Arachnology 43:115–119.
Despite the importance of tarantulas in the areas of medicine and veterinary science, there is very little information on parasitoid-tarantula interactions. The present study describes the case of an endangered tarantula, Brachypelma vagans Ausserer 1875, infested by an endoparasitoid in the field. Using DNA barcoding, we identified the parasitoid as the phorid Megaselia scalaris. With more than 500 fly larvae inside the host, this particular infestation can be considered severe. The size range of the larvae indicates infestation by all three larval instars. We discuss the possible mechanism by which the parasitoid is attracted to the tarantula and make important recommendations regarding improvements in tarantula-rearing conditions. Finally, this case study exemplifies the efficiency of molecular technology for parasitoid identification.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 7. Júla 2015, 16:52

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Gallon, R. C. & Wendt, I. (2015) On the taxonomic placement of four African Phoneyusa species (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Eumenophorinae) Arachnology 16 (8): 298-304
Phoneyusa elephantiasis Berland, 1917 is illustrated, redescribed and, along with Phoneyusa celerierae Smith, 1990 and Phoneyusa efuliensis Smith, 1990, transferred to the genus Hysterocrates Simon, 1892. Type material of Hysterocrates gigas Pocock, 1897 and topotypes of Phoneyusa lesserti Dresco, 1973 are illustrated for comparison. Phoneyusa nigroventris (Marx, 1893) is treated as nomen dubium
.

Druhy Phoneyusa elephantiasis, Phoneyusa celerierae a Phoneyusa efuliensis boli premiestnene do rodu Hysterocrates. Phoneyusa nigroventris je povazovana za nomen dubium. Hlavne Hysterocrates elephantiasis ma neuveritelne rozsirene tibie I.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 23. Júla 2015, 13:08

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Fabiano-da-Silva, José et al. (2015) Tmesiphantes mirim sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil, biogeographical notes and identification keys for species of the genus.
ABSTRACT. A new species of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 is described and illustrated, based on eight male specimens collected at the Una Biological Reserve, southern state of Bahia, Brazil. It is distinguished by the morphology of male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis. The new species is very small and is the smallest theraphosid described to date (body length 5.5 mm). It is distinguished from congeners by the size, which vary from 12 mm (T. riopretano) to 23.8 mm (T. nubilus) in other species of the genus, aspect of palpal bulb, sternal posterior sigillae close to sternal margin and by the aspect of tibial apophysis which lacks the prolateral branch. Tmesiphantes presently comprises nine species. Sixth have been described for the southern region of Bahia, a well known area of endemism in the Atlantic Forest. Identification keys for Tmesiphantes males and females are presented.
Novy popisany druh Tmesiphantes mirim. Dospely samec ma v tele 5,5 mm a pravdepodobne sa jedna o najmensie popisaneho pavuka celade Theraphosidae.

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Tmesiphantes mirim

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 21. Septembra 2015, 17:57

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Barrion-Dupo, A. L. A., Barrion, A. T. & Rasalan, J. B. (2015). A new cave-dwelling mygalomorph spider of the genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Selenocosmiinae) from Burdeos, Polillo Island, Quezon province, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 8(2014): 1-15
A new tarantula species of the genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897, P. kwebaburdeos n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a series of specimens collected inside the Puting Bato Cave 3-4 in Burdeos, Polilio Island, Quezon Province, Philippines. P. kwebaburdeos Barrion-Dupo, Barrion and Rasalan n. sp., a cave-dwelling mygalomorph spider represents the fifth and sixteenth species of Phlogiellus reported in the Philippines and in Southand Southeast Asia, respectively.
Phlogiellus kwebaburdeos

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 2. Októbra 2015, 19:16

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Radan Kaderka (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), Journal of Natural History, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov., C. itayensis sp. nov., C. aueri sp. nov., C. giganteus sp. nov. from Peru, Loreto region, C. hoeferi sp. nov. from Brazil, C. williamlamari sp. nov. and C. nicholausgordoni sp. nov. from Venezuela are described, illustrated, diagnosed and both sexes, if known, keyed. New Peruvian species can be distinguished from all congeners, except C. bertae Pérez-Miles, 1998 and C. pribiki Pérez-Miles and Weinmann, 2009, by the uniformly coloured carapace and abdomen without stripes and by the short paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. The female of Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998 is described for the first time from a known Peruvian population near Iquitos.
Radan tento rok vydal podrobnu 74 stranovu pracu, ktora mapuje cely rod Cyriocosmus. Co je dolezite opisal nove druhy Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov., C. itayensis sp. nov., C. aueri sp. nov., C. giganteus sp. nov., C. hoeferi sp. nov., C. williamlamari sp. nov. a C. nicholausgordoni. V chove sa nachadza pravdepodobne len jeden z nich. Pre laika je rozlisovanie novych druhov ako C. itayensis a Cyriocosmus peruvianus velmi obtiazne a urcite nie je mozne rozlisit tieto pavuky od "oka".

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 28. Októbra 2015, 14:36

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Perafán, C., Cifuentes, Y. & S. Estrada-Gomez, 2015 Aguapanela, a new tarantula genus from the Colombian Andes (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 4033(4): 529-542.
Abstract A new monotypic genus of Theraphosidae is described from Colombia: Aguapanela Perafán & Cifuentes gen. nov. with only the type species Aguapanela arvi Perafán, Cifuentes & Estrada sp. nov. , from Caldas and Medellin, Antioquia, Co- lombian Andes. The new genus differs from other theraphosid spiders mainly in the presence of stridulatory setae on the palps and legs I and II, together with the presence of type III and IV urticating setae. Males lack a tibial apophysis on leg I and have a simple palpal bulb with the subtegulum less extended than usual in Theraphosinae, elongated curved embolus, ventrally concave, and with two prolateral keels very flat and developed on the dorsal edge. The female spermathecae have two digitiform elongated and granulated seminal receptacles attached to a semicircular wide membranous base. We describe, diagnose and illustrate the new genus and give some biological remarks. Morphological, systematic and biogeographic aspects are discussed. Chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of its venom are analyzed.
Novy rod a druh Aguapanela arvi . Vtackar ma stridulacny aparat medzi I a II kk, obranne chlpky typu III a IV. Samec nema tibialne haky.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 28. Októbra 2015, 14:42

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Gabriel, R. & Longhorn, S. J. (2015). Revised generic placement of Brachypelma embrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) and Brachypelma angustum Valerio, 1980, with definition of the taxonomic features for identification of female Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae). ZooKeys 526: 75-104.
Abstract The tarantula genus Sericopelma was originally defined based on male specimens, most notably lacking tibial spurs on leg I. Early female specimens were unrecognised as Sericopelma, and typically placed in Eurypelma – a dumping ground for problem specimens. The first females were only later recognised, but authors failed to adequately define female Sericopelma. Here, the holotypes of the Southern-most alleged Brachypelma species, B. embrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) and B. angustum Valerio, 1980 were examined, and finding both to possess defining characteristics of Sericopelma were transferred. The taxonomic attributes to define Sericopelma relative to Brachypelma and select other Neotropical genera are discussed, especially for females. As important diagnostic characters for Sericopelma, the single (unilobar) spermathecae swollen at the apex forming a P-shaped cross-section, metatarsus IV with trace scopula, femur IV with a dense retrolateral pad of plumose hair, plus other attributes. Some past confusion in these characters are clarified and Sericopelma relative to Brachypelma and Megaphobema mesomelas are discussed. Finally recommendations are given about these taxonomic changes for CITES regulations.
Sericopelma embrithes ex Brachypelma, Sericopelma angustum ex Brachypelma :D, Sericopelma commue - reopis, Sericopelma panamanum - znovu obnovenie druhu.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 31. Októbra 2015, 17:05

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Ferretti, N., Copperi, S., Schwerdt, L. & Pompozzi, G. (2015b). First record of Vitalius longisternalis Bertani, 2001 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) in Argentina and notes on its natural history in Misiones province. Check List 11(5): 1-5.
Abstract: This is the first record for the tarantula Vitalius longisternalis Bertani, 2001 in Parana and Araucaria Forests, Misiones province, northeastern Argentina. Specimens were found at Iguazú National Park and Urugua-í Wildlife Reserve. Data on its natural history is provided.
Prve zmapovanie druhu Vitalius longisternalis.

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samica

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Skippy » 12. Novembra 2015, 10:57

Sceptic, vedel by si objasniť situáciu ohľadne Lampropelma nigerrimum resp. n.nigerrimum a n.arboricola ? podľa
Ein Weibchen von Lampropelma nigerrimum arboricola ssp. n. aus Borneo (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ornithoctoninae)
Günter Schmidt & Ruth Barensteiner.
Tarantulas of the World - 143/ Januar 2015

a prípadné dôvody prečo nedošlo k zaradeniu do The World Spider Catalog?

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Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 12. Novembra 2015, 18:17

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Ein Weibchen von Lampropelma nigerrimum arboricola ssp. n. aus Borneo (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ornithoctoninae) Günter Schmidt & Ruth Barensteiner. Tarantulas of the World - 143/ Januar 2015.
Abstract Lampropelma nigerrimum arboricola is a subspecies of Lampropelma nigerrimum living in Borneo. It is closely related to L. nigerrimum nigerrimum SIMON; 1892, the type species of the genus, living on Sangir (or Sangihe) Island. An adult female could be studied. It differs from the type species in the relative size of the eyes, the spination of the legs and the scopula of the fourth metatarsus. The PLE are much smaller than the ALE, all legs are spinose and scopula of metatarsus IV is present apically in the centre of the segment only. According to Jean-Michel VERDEZ the males of both subspecies are different. In L nigerrimum nigerrimum the herringbone pattern on the opisthosoma is distict and the tarsi are not orange, in L. nigerrimum arboricola the herringbone pattern on the opisthosoma is absent and the tarsi are weakly orange. The new subspecies is dealt under the name L. sp. "Borneo Black" or Selenocosmia borneoensis. Both of them are nomina nuda. It is said to live arboreously.
O tejto praci som dnes pocul prvy krat a nemyslim si, ze je vobec nutne sa zaoberat jej obsahom. Osobne ju ani nemam v zbierke. Zial Schmidt svoje prace nikdy nerecenzoval a vzdy ich vydaval len v casopisoch, ktore bud boli jeho alebo znamych. Jeho opisy su nedostatocne a na zlej urovni. Myslim, ze to je jeden z dovodov preco nie je v katalogu pavukov. Nadovazok poddruhy u pavukov nie su uznavane. Som prekvapeny, ze v jeho pokrocilom veku s vaznymi zdravotnymi tazkostami este vobec nieco napisal.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Skippy » 8. Decembra 2015, 22:06

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José Paulo Leite Guadanucci & Dirk Weinmann (2015): Description of Neoholothele gen. nov. (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Schismatothelinae), Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2015.1110309
Abstract:
The new genus Neoholothele is herein described based on the results of a recent phylogenetic analysis. This phylogeny, which included representatives of all Theraphosidae subfamilies, showed that the genus Holothele, as hitherto defined, does not comprise a monophyletic group. Neoholothele gen. nov. is diagnosed by the following features: males and females with dark carapace and golden cephalic region; females with striped color pattern on the abdomen dorsum and long and slender spermathecae receptacula; males with retrolateral branch of male tibial spur with apical end wider than proximal end (synapomorphy), with two apical spines. It comprises two species: N. incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) comb. nov. and N. fasciaaurinigra sp. nov., both from northern South America.
=>
"Holothele incei is now called Neoholothele incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898)
The pet trade Holothele sp. "bumblebee" => Neoholothele fasciaaurinigra Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2015"

??? :)

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 16. Decembra 2015, 21:42

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Schmidt, G. (2015a). Notes on the nomenclature of theraphosids (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Tarantulas of the World 143: 13-22.
Some of the Theraphosidae names listed in the World Spider Catalog (2014)and also most of those in the previous versions of this catalog, PLATNICK'SThe World Spider Catalog, are wrong in the opinion of SCHMIDT and certainother arachnologists and urgently require revision. In most cases, thechapter "results and discussion" in the current paper states which names areprobably correct.

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Schmidt, G. (2015b). Warum Melopoeus Pocock, 1895 kein Synonym von Haplopelma Simon, 1892 ist (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ornithoctoninae). Tarantulas of the World 143: 23-31.
Me/opoeus is not a synonym of Haplope/ma. The last-mentioned genus hasproved to be a synonym of Omithoctonus because of its slim and deeplynotched spermathecae. None of the species of Me/opoeus has such deeplynotched spermathecae. According to VON WIRTH & STRIFFLER (2005) adistinct ventral notch at the transition from bulb to embolus, the absence of agreat spine pi and rl ventral apically on tibia I are crucial - among otherthings - for the males of Omithoctonus. For the females a deep, more thanhalf of the spermathecae indented notch in the centre is decisive.All the other characteristics such as number of the thorns on maxillae andnumber of spines on metatarsus IV are not constant. This could be shown inthree species. Females with less deeply indented notches can belong toOmithoctonus in case the notch at the transition from bulb to embolus ispresent in the males.

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Schmidt, G. (2015c). Warum Chilocosmia arndsti (Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992), Chilocosmia barensteinerae Schmidt, Hettegger & Matthes, 2010, Chilocosmia peerboomi Schmidt, 1999, Selenopelma kovariki Schmidt & Krause, 1995 und Phlogius Simon, 1887 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Selenocosmiinae) keine Synonyme von Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 sind. Tarantulas of the World 143: 32-38
According to PLATNICK (2011) Chilocosmia, Phlogius and Selenopelma aresynonyms of Selenocosmia. He followed the revisions made by RAVEN in1985 und 2000. SCHMIDT rejected these synonyms already in 2001. This wasrepeated again in 2003 and also in 2010 especially with reference toChilocosmia. The type species of Selenocosmia, S. javanensis(WALCKENAER, 1837), could not be detected in Paris. Probably it hasdisappeared. But there is no doubt that the species wh ich was described andcopied by AUSSERER (1871), SIMON (1892) and KULCZYNSKI (1908) was thesame. AUSSERER characterized the female and described the male. Heportrayed its palp. His type species was Selenocosmia javanensis, the onlyspecies known at his time. SIMON (1892) referred to AUSSERER andreproduced the stridulating organs of this species in 1903. KULCZYNSKI(1908) drew the spermathecae for the first time. In the museum ofWiesbaden a female is deposited which KULCZYNSKI identified belonging tothis species. It could be checked in 1995. All specimens called Selenocosmiajavanensis which the author could identify had been bought in pet shops didreally belong to this species.In 1985 RAVEN made a key to some genera of Selenocosmiinae. Hecharacterized Selenocosmia by absence of peglike setae prolaterallyoncheliceral face.But with the help of this key it is impossible to identify the type species of thisgenus. It remains absolutely uncertain what kind of "Selenocosmia" he had inmind. It has to be said that all true species of Selenocosmia have peglikesetae prolaterallyon cheliceral face. But thanks to his erroneous diagnosis ofthe genus Selenocosmia he had to include in Selenocosmia some othergenera without such peglike setae like Chilocosmia or Phlogius. Even generasuch different from Selenocosmia as Selenopelma SCHMIDT & KRAUSE, 1995from Vietnam were included in Selenocosmia sensu RAVEN (1985). It wouldbe desirable if the author or another competent arachnologist could revise RAVEN'S erroneous diagnosis of Selenocosmia and cancel his synonyms with that genus. That could be confirmed by genetic investigations. This wouldpossibly be the prerequisite for the resurrection of Phlogius and Se/enopelmain the World Spider Catalog, too.In arecent paper WEST et al. (2012) transferred Chilocosmia dichromata SCHMIDT & von WIRTH, 1992 and Selenobrachys philippinus SCHMIDT, 1999to Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 and followed RAVEN in his opinion thatHaplocosmia himalayana (Pocock, 1999), Chilocosmia amdsti, Chilocosmiabarensteinerae (sp. inc. sed.), C. peerboomi and Selenopelma kovarikishould be stand for the present in the genus Selenocosmia. In my opinion tothe last four species new genera names are necessary which demonstratetheir independence from Selenocosmia.

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Schmidt, G. (2015d). Erster Nachweis einer Selenocosmia insulana-Subspezies auf Borneo (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Selenocosmiinae), S. insulana borneoensis ssp. n. Tarantulas of the World 143: 50-55.
Abstract An adult male of a species genital morphological not distinguishable framSelenocosmia insulana HIRST, 1909, could be found the first time in Borneo.But it is considerably larger than the species found in Djampea andSulawesi. That is true especially concerning the legs and palps. In S.insulana from Djampea the body length is 18 mm, in the subspecies framBorneo it is 24 mm. Leg I is in S. insulana 28,5 mm, in the subspecies fromBorneo it is 48 mm.

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Schmidt, G. & Barensteiner, R. (2015a). Ein Weibchen von Lampropelma nigerrimum arboricola ssp. n. aus Borneo (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ornithoctoninae). Tarantulas of the World 143: 4-9.
Lampropelma nigerrimum arborieola is a subspecies of Lampropelmanigerrimum living in Borneo. It is closely related to L. nigerrimum nigerrimumSIMON, 1892, the type species of the genus, living on Sang ir (or Sangihe)Island. An adult female could be studied. It differs from the type species inthe relative size of the eyes, the spination of the legs and the scopula of thefourth metatarsus. The PLE are much smaller than the ALE, aillegs arespinose and scopula of metatarsus IV is present apically in the centre of thesegment only. According to Jean-Michel VERDEZ the males of bothsubspecies are different. In L. nigerrimum nigerrimum the herringbonepattern on the opisthosoma is distinct and the tarsi are not orange, in L.nigerrimum arborieola the herringbone pattern on the opisthosoma is absentand the tarsi are weakly orange. The new subspecies is dealt under thename L. sp. "Borneo blael(' or Selenoeosmia borneoensis. Both of them arenomina nuda. It is said to live arboreously.

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Schmidt, G. & Barensteiner, R. (2015b). Eine neue Selenocosmia-Spezies von Borneo (Theraphosidae: Selenocosmiinae: Selenocosmiini). Tarantulas of the World 143: 39-49
The female of a new Selenocosmia species is described. It has awalnutbrown prosoma without distinct white or yellowish apical bands on theextremities and bilobed spermathecae which are divided containing distallyhead shape swellings. It is the second species of this genus collected inBorneo. The first one was S. obscura HIRST, 1909, quite different in colourand relations of the measurements between body and extremities. Only thedwarf male is known. Other Theraphosidae from Borneo are the generaChilocosmia (1 species), Coremiocnemis (2 species), Lampropelma (1species), Lyrognathus (2 species), Ornithoctonus (1 species),Phormingochilus (2 species) and Psednocnemis (1 species).
Prace by som bral s rezervou.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 16. Decembra 2015, 21:55

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Smith, A. M. & Jacobi, M. A. (2015). Revision of the genus Phormingochilus with the description of three new species from Sulawesi and Sarawak and notes on the placement of the genera Cyriopagopus, Lampropelma and Omothymus. British Tarantula Society Journal 30(3): 25-48.
Three new arboreal theraphosid spiders of the genus Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895 are here described from Sulawesi and Sarawak,Borneo: Phormingochilus carpenteri sp. nov.,P. kirki sp. nov., and P. pennellhewletti sp. nov.The genus has been revised and historical species redescribed. The authors have also discussed the placement of the Ornithoctoninae genera Cyriopagopus Simon,1887, Lampropelma Simon, 1892 and Omothymus Thorell, 1891 and, after an examination of the type material, concluded that Cyriopagopus is a senior synonym of thegenus Haplopelma Simon, 1892 and that thegenus Omothymus needs to be restored tohouse the arboreal Malaysian mainlandspecies schioedtei (Thorell, 1891) and thorelli(Simon, 1901), which were formerly assigned to the genus Cyriopagopus but have now been restored to their original placement. We have also concluded, on examination of the type material that the female of Lampropelma violaceopes Abraham, 1924 from Southern Malaysia should be removed from the genus Lampropelma (whose distribution at present,we believe to be limited to Lampropelma nigerrimum from Sangihe (Sangir) Island) and placed in the genus Omothymus, whereas themale, from Penang, is deemed to be amisidentified specimen of Cyriopagopus(Omothymus) schioedtei.
Cyriopagopus schioedtei po novom Omothymus schioedtei.

Rod Haplopelma zanikol a pavuky z tohto rodu sa previedli pod rod Cyriopagopus. Akceptacia tejto zmeny mi nie je znama. Pockame co na to Platnick.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 20. Decembra 2015, 22:34

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Kaderka R. 2015. Bistriopelma, a new genus with two new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Revista peruana de biología 22(3): 275 - 288 (December 2015). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/ rpb.v22i2.11432
Bistriopelma gen. nov. from the Andean region in Peru is here described, diagnosed and illustrated, together with two new species Bistriopelma lamasi sp. nov. as a type species and Bistriopelma matuskai sp. nov. This new genus differs from all other theraphosid genera, except the genus Phrixotrichus Simon 1889 (sensu Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014) and the troglobite species Tmesiphantes hypogeus Bertani, Bichuette & Pedroso 2013, in the presence of two abdominal dorsolateral patches of the type III urticating setae. Bistriopelma gen nov. can be distiguished from Phrixotrichus by the different shape of spermathecae in females, consisting of two separate subparallel seminal receptacles in Bistriopelma gen. nov. but strongly divergent in Phrixotrichus and by the different morphology of male palpal bulb (embolus projecting retrolaterally from tegulum in Bistriopelma gen. nov. against posteriorly in Phrixotrichus); furthermore by the presence of basal spine on prolateral tibial apophysis, the absence of the type IV urticating setae and paired tarsal claws denticulate. Bistriopelma gen. nov. is separated from Tmesiphantes hypogeus by the position of the urticating seta patches (middle of abdomen in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and posterior half in Tmesiphantes hypogeus), the different shape of spermathecae (long separate seminal receptacles with subapical constriction in Bistriopelma gen. nov. and short, subtriangular and widely separated in Tmesiphantes hypogeus) and also in the extension of metatarsal scopulae. Additional comments and a distribution map of all species of this genus are provided.
Popisany novy rod Bistriopelma, ktory ma momentalne 2 druhy a to Bistriopelma matuskai a Bistriopelma lamasi.

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 10. Januára 2016, 18:16

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Lucas, S. M. & Indicatti, R. P. (2015). Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 50(3): 204-212. 
Hapalotremus exilis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) and Hapalotremus muticus (Mello-Leitão, 1923), previously considered as nomina dubia are here revalidated through the examination of the holotypes. Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 is revalidated and their type species, Dolichothele exilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 is restored. Goniodontium Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 are considered junior synonyms of Dolichothele. Hapalotremus muticus and Oligoxystre caatinga Guadanucci, 2007 are considered junior synonyms of D. exilis. All species of Oligoxystre are transferred to Dolichothele. Cyclothoracoides Strand, 1929, currently a junior synonym of Hapalotremus Simon, 1903, is here considered a junior synonym of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871.
V praci revalidovali rod Dolichothele s typovym druhom Dolichothele exilis. Rod Oligoxystre zanikol a vsetky druhy boli presunute do Dolichothele. Oligoxystre caatinga sa synonymizoval s Dolichothele exilis.

Revalidovali rod Goniodontium s typovym druhom Goniodontium muticus (ex Hapalotremus muticus)?

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 21. Januára 2016, 18:23

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COSTA, F.G.; CURBELO, B.; PÉREZ-MILES, F. Long-term persistence and water resistance of female sex cues in the tarantula Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology,  v.:  16  9,  p.:  311 - 313, 2015
The presence of pheromones has been reported for several spider species but their persistence in field conditions has scarcely been studied. We test the activity and persistence of female sex cues outdoor in the tarantula Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Thorell, 1894), using male courtship as an indicator of cue attraction. We studied female silk fields in two conditions: protected and exposed and in both we found a long persistence of sex signals, up to 55 and 46 days, respectively. We discuss the nature and adaptive significance of these cues.

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PÉREZ-MILES, F; PERAFÁN, C.; SANTAMARÍA, L. Tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) use different adhesive pads complementary during climbing on smooth surfaces: experimental approach in eight arboreal and burrower species.. Biology Open, v.: 4, p.: 1643 - 1648, 2015
Tarantulas are large spiders with adhesive setae on their legs, which enable them to climb on smooth vertical surfaces. The mechanism proposed to explain adhesion in tarantulas is anisotropic friction, where friction is higher when the leg pushes than when it pulls. However, previous studies and measurements of adhesion in theraphosids were performed using dead specimens. To test their ability to climb, we studied static friction of live theraphosid spiders on different surfaces and at different inclines. We compared burrower with arboreal species to test the hypothesis of higher friction in arboreal tarantulas. We found a complementary participation of claw tufts and scopula of anterior and posterior legs when the tarantula climbs. The mechanics of climbing in association with the biological characteristics of the species are discussed.

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Laura Montes de Oca, Guillermo D' Elia, Fernando Pérez-Miles , 2015. An integrative approach for species delimitation in the spider genus Grammostola (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) 
The mygalomorph genus Grammostola (family Theraphosidae) is endemic to South America. The species Grammostola anthracina is one of the largest spiders in Uruguay and reputed to be the longest lived tarantula in the world. This nominal species has two distinct colour morphs comprising black and reddish-brown forms with controversial taxonomic status. Here, we present a phylogenetic study based on molecular characters (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of haplotypes of G. anthracina and closely related species. Our analysis together with new morphological data and biogeographical information indicates that the two morphs of G. anthracina constitute different species that are not sister to each other. Consequently, a new species, Grammostola quirogai is described, diagnosed and illustrated to encompass the black morph. Phylogenetic relationships and new taxonomic characters for Grammostola species included in this study are discussed.
Popisany novy druh Grammostola quirogai.

Obrázok

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PÉREZ-MILES, F; PERAFÁN, C. Geographic patterns of abdominal uticating setae types in neotropical Tarantulas (Araneae, Theraphosidae). . Boletín de La Sociedad Zoológica Del Uruguay,  v.:  24  2,  p.:  103 - 116, 2015

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 10. Februára 2016, 21:11

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Hamilton, C.A., Hendrixson, B.E. & J.E. Bond. 2016.Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States.ZooKeys 560: 1-340. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.560.6264a
Abstract This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of the tarantula spider genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 within the United States. By employing phylogenomic, morphological, and geospatial data, we evaluated all 55 nominal species in the United States to examine the evolutionary history of Aphonopelma and the group’s taxonomy by implementing an integrative approach to species delimitation. Based on our analyses, we now recognize only 29 distinct species in the United States. We propose 33 new synonymies (A. apacheum, A. minchi, A. rothi, A. schmidti, A. stahnkei = A. chalcodes; A. arnoldi = A. armada; A. behlei, A. vogelae = A. marxi; A. breenei = A. anax; A. chambersi, A. clarum, A. cryptethum, A. sandersoni, A. sullivani = A. eutylenum; A. clarki, A. coloradanum, A. echinum, A. gurleyi, A. harlingenum, A. odelli, A. waconum, A. wichitanum = A. hentzi; A. heterops = A. moderatum; A. jungi, A. punzoi = A. vorhiesi; A. brunnius, A. chamberlini, A. iviei, A. lithodomum, A. smithi, A. zionis = A. iodius; A. phanum, A. reversum = A. steindachneri), 14 new species (A. atomicum sp. n., A. catalina sp. n., A. chiricahua sp. n., A. icenoglei sp. n., A. johnnycashi sp. n., A. madera sp. n., A. mareki sp. n., A. moellendorfi sp. n., A. parvum sp. n., A. peloncillo sp. n., A. prenticei sp. n., A. saguaro sp. n., A. superstitionense sp. n., and A. xwalxwal sp. n.), and seven nomina dubia (A. baergi, A. cratium, A. hollyi, A. mordax, A. radinum, A. rusticum, A. texense). Our proposed species tree based on Anchored Enrichment data delimits five major lineages: a monotypic group confined to California, a western group, an eastern group, a group primarily distributed in high-elevation areas, and a group that comprises several miniaturized species. Multiple species are distributed throughout two biodiversity hotspots in the United States (i.e., California Floristic Province and Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands). Keys are provided for identification of both males and females. By conducting the most comprehensive sampling of a single theraphosid genus to date, this research significantly broadens the scope of prior molecular and morphological investigations, finally bringing a modern understanding of species delimitation in this dynamic and charismatic group of spiders.
Jedna z naj. prac co vysla ako revizia jedneho rodu za poslednych 10 rokov podlozena DNA testami a kusom skvelej prace. Praca prinasa 33 novych synonymizacii a zmeni cely rod Aphonopelma.



Synonymizacie (hrubo vyznacene ostavaju v platnosti, zvysok "zanika"):

A. apacheum, A. minchi, A. rothi, A. schmidti, A. stahnkei = A. chalcodes;
A. arnoldi = A. armada;
A. behlei, A. vogelae = A. marxi;
A. breenei = A. anax;
A. chambersi, A. clarum, A. cryptethum, A. sandersoni, A. sullivani = A. eutylenum;
A. clarki, A. coloradanum, A. echinum, A. gurleyi, A. harlingenum, A. odelli, A. waconum, A. wichitanum = A. hentzi;
A. heterops = A. moderatum;
A. jungi, A. punzoi = A. vorhiesi;
A. brunnius, A. chamberlini, A. iviei, A. lithodomum, A. smithi, A. zionis = A. iodius;
A. phanum, A. reversum = A. steindachneri

14 novych druhov - A. atomicum sp. n., A. catalina sp. n., A. chiricahua sp. n., A. icenoglei sp. n., A. johnnycashi sp. n., A. madera sp. n., A. mareki sp. n., A. moellendorfi sp. n., A. parvum sp. n., A. peloncillo sp. n., A. prenticei sp. n., A. saguaro sp. n., A. superstitionense sp. n., and A. xwalxwal sp. n.

7 nomina dubia -A. baergi, A. cratium, A. hollyi, A. mordax, A. radinum, A. rusticum, A. texense

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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 29. Februára 2016, 22:26

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Salima Machkour-M'Rabet, Ariane Dor, and Yann Hénaut. 2015. Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae): an opportunistic endoparasitoid of the endangered Mexican redrump tarantula, Brachypelma vagans (Araneae: Theraphosidae) Journal of Arachnology 43(1):115-119.
Despite the importance of tarantulas in the areas of medicine and veterinary science, there is very little information on parasitoid-tarantula interactions. The present study describes the case of an endangered tarantula, Brachypelma vagans Ausserer 1875, infested by an endoparasitoid in the field. Using DNA barcoding, we identified the parasitoid as the phorid Megaselia scalaris. With more than 500 fly larvae inside the host, this particular infestation can be considered severe. The size range of the larvae indicates infestation by all three larval instars. We discuss the possible mechanism by which the parasitoid is attracted to the tarantula and make important recommendations regarding improvements in tarantula-rearing conditions. Finally, this case study exemplifies the efficiency of molecular technology for parasitoid identification.

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Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 11. Marca 2016, 23:06

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Marcia H. Borges, Suely G. Figueiredo, Felipe V. Leprevost, Maria Elena De Lima, Marta do N. Cordeiro, Marcelo R.V. Diniz, James Moresco, Paulo C. Carvalho, John R. Yates, Venomous extract protein profile of Brazilian tarantula Grammostola iheringi: searching for potential biotechnological applications, Journal of Proteomics, Volume 136, 16 March 2016, Pages 35-47.
Abstract
Tarantula spiders, Theraphosidae family, are spread throughout most tropical regions of the world. Despite their size and reputation, there are few reports of accidents. However, like other spiders, their venom is considered a remarkable source of toxins, which have been selected through millions of years of evolution. The present work provides a proteomic overview of the fascinating complexity of the venomous extract of the Grammostola iheringi tarantula, obtained by electrical stimulation of the chelicerae. For analysis a bottom-up proteomic approach Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) was used. Based on bioinformatics analyses, PepExplorer, a similarity-driven search tool that identifies proteins based on phylogenetically close organisms, a total of 395 proteins were identified in this venomous extract. Most of the identifications (~70%) were classified as predicted (21%), hypothetical (6%) and putative (37%), while a small group (6%) had no predicted function. Identified molecules matched with neurotoxins that act on ions channels; proteases, such as serine proteases, metalloproteinases, cysteine proteinases, aspartic proteinases, carboxypeptidases and cysteine-rich secretory enzymes (CRISP) and some molecules with unknown target. Additionally, non-classical venom proteins were also identified. Up to now, this study represents, to date, the first broad characterization of the composition of G. iheringi venomous extract. Our data provides a tantalizing insight into the diversity of proteins in this venom and their biotechnological potential.

SIGNIFICANCE: Animal venoms contain a diversity of molecules able to bind to specific cell targets. Due to their biochemical and physiological properties, these molecules are interesting for medical and biotechnological purposes. In this study, a large number of components of the venomous extract of the spider Grammostola iheringi were identified by the MudPIT technique. It was demonstrated that this approach is a sensitive and adequate method to achieve a broad spectrum of information about animal venoms. Using this bottom-up proteomic method, classical and non-classical venom proteins were identified which stimulate new interest in the systematic research of their protein components.

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Marielle Stuber, Wolfgang Nentwig, How informative are case studies of spider bites in the medical literature?, Toxicon, Volume 114, May 2016, Pages 40-44.
Abstract
We analyzed the reliability and information content of 134 medical case studies on spider bites, published in 91 journal articles. Overall, we found that only 22% of these studies fulfilled the criteria for a verified spider bite. This means that the majority of such case studies cannot be attributed to a given spider species and usually not even to a spider. Their scientific value is negligible, moreover, such publications are even dangerous because they suggest incorrect conclusions. Secondly, we found that such case studies usually do not follow an obvious structure and many details on the development of symptoms, therapy and healing process are widely lacking. So even for verified spider bites, the comparability of case studies is limited. We discuss the obvious failure of a reviewing process for case studies and give recommendations how to increase the currently low information content of medical case studies on spider bites.

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Rafael Sutti, Bruno Bezerra Rosa, Bettina Wunderlich, Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior, Thomaz Augusto Alves da Rocha e Silva, Antimicrobial activity of the toxin VdTX-I from the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae), Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, Volume 4, December 2015, Pages 324-328.
Abstract
Background Currently there is an urgent need to develop new classes of antimicrobial agents with different mechanisms of action from conventionally antibiotics used for the control of pathogenic microorganisms. The acylpolyamine called VdTX-I was isolated from the venom of the tarantula Vitalius dubius, and first described with activity as an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity found in the venom of the spider, with emphasis on the toxin VdTX-I. Methods Antimicrobial assays were performed in 96 well plates culture against 14 micro-organisms (fungi, yeasts and bacteria), which were tested concentrations from 0.19 to 100 μM of VdTX-I. After qualitative analysis, dose-response curve assays were performed in bacterial kill curve using MTT reagent and hemolytic assay.

Results The antimicrobial activity of the VdTX-I toxin was observed in 12 tested species of Candida, Trichosporiun, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. The toxicity had a dose-response at 3.12 µM – 100 μM in Candida albicans, Candida guillermondii, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli. VdTX-I took about 5 min to inhibit bacterial growth, which was faster than streptomycin. The toxin showed no hemolytic activity between 0.19 and 100 μM. At 2.5 µg/mL of toxin it was observed no growth inhibition against a mammalian cell lineage.

Conclusions The VdTX-I toxin has a significant antimicrobial activity, with broad spectrum, and is experimentally inert to mammalian blood cells. General Significance This paper explores the antimicrobial potential of the spider toxin VdTX-I, which can provide a new model to design new antimicrobial drugs.

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Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 11. Marca 2016, 23:15

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Ranil P. Nanayakkara, G.A.S. Mangala Ganehiarachchi, Nilantha Vishvanath, Thambiliya Godage Tharaka Kusuminda, Discovery of the Critically Endangered Tarantula Species of the Genus Poecilotheria (Araneae: Theraphosidae), Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica, From Sri Lanka, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, Volume 8, Issue 1, 30 March 2015, Pages 1-6.
Abstract
The arboreal spiders in the genus Poecilotheria is represented by 16 species and restricted to India and Sri Lanka. Each country has eight endemic species. During a survey on mygalomorph spiders in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, the critically endangered species of Theraphosidae Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica was discovered for the first time outside of its native habitat in India, expanding its range to northern Sri Lanka. The discovery of P. hanumavilasumica is unique, as it used to be a critically endangered and endemic species of the genus Poecilotheria found in India, and it is evident that during the land bridge connection between India and Sri Lanka, when the Pleistocene epoch biotic exchange took place between the two countries, taxa were dispersed through the land connections.

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Rocha-E-Silva TA, Linardi A, Antunes E, Hyslop S. Pharmacological Characterization of the Edema Caused by Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) Spider Venom in Rats J Pharmacol Exp Ther January 2016 356:13-19; published ahead of print October 15, 2015.
Bites by tarantulas (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) in humans can result in mild clinical manifestations such as local pain, erythema, and edema. Vitalius dubius is a medium-sized, nonaggressive theraphosid found in southeastern Brazil. In this work, we investigated the mediators involved in the plasma extravasation caused by V. dubius venom in rats. The venom caused dose-dependent (0.1-100 μg/site) edema in rat dorsal skin. This edema was significantly inhibited by ((S)1-{2-[3(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-iso-propoxyphenylacetyl)piperidine-3-yl]ethyl}-4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octone, chloride) (SR140333, a neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist), indomethacin [a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor], cyproheptadine (a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine1/2 and histamine H1 receptor antagonist), and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). In contrast, mepyramine (a histamine H1 receptor antagonist), D-Arg-[Hyp(3),Thi(5),D-Tic(7),Oic(8)-]-BK (JE 049, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist), and ((S)-N-methyl-N-[4-(4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino)-2-(3,4-di-chlorophenyl)butyl]benzamide) (SR48968, a neurokinin NK2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on the venom-induced increase in vascular permeability. In rat hind paws, the venom-induced edema was attenuated by ketoprofen (a nonselective COX inhibitor) administered 15 minutes postvenom. Preincubation of venom with commercial antiarachnid antivenom attenuated the venom-induced edema. These results suggest that the enhanced vascular permeability evoked by V. dubius venom involves serotonin, COX products, neurokinin NK1 receptors, and nitric oxide formation. The attenuation of hind paw edema by ketoprofen suggests that COX inhibitors could be useful in treating the local inflammatory response to bites by these spiders.

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Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 30. Marca 2016, 19:16

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BERTANI, Rogério et al. First record of the genus Psalmopoeus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in Brazil. Check List, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 1860, mar. 2016. ISSN 1809-127X.
Abstract
We present the first record for the genus Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895, in Brazil. A female of Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994, was collected in Pacaraíma, state of Roraima, Brazil. This country now has records of all New World tarantula genera of the subfamily Aviculariinae.
Prve dolozene lokality Psalmopoeus irminia v Brazilii.

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Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 31. Marca 2016, 18:31

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Ferretti, N. (2015).  A new species of Phrixotrichus (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from southwestern Argentina and new distributional data for P. vulpinus. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 105(2): 252-256. 
ABSTRACT
A new species of Phrixotrichus Simon, 1889, P. pucara sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on a male from Pucará river, Neuquénprovince, Argentina. Male can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence of a long strong spine on inner face of prolateralbranch of tibial apophysis; also, it differs from P. scrofa (Molina, 1788) and P. vulpinus (Karsch, 1880) by a serrated prolateral keel of the male palpalbulb. Male resembles P. jara Perafán & Pérez-Miles, 2014 but can be distinguished by the uniform color on dorsal cephalothorax and by the palpalorgan morphology being wider on the bulb base and embolus shorter and thicker, with the tip of embolus not so directed retrolaterally and prolateralkeel bearing a serrated edge with three teeth. Additionally, P. vulpinus is reported for the first time for Argentina along with new distributional data.
Novy popisany druh Phrixotrichus pucara.

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Ferretti, N. (2015).  On three new Euathlus tarantulas from Argentina and cladistic analysis of the genus. Journal of Arachnology 43(3): 313-326. 
Abstract
Three unknown species of Euathlus Ausserer 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) are recognized and formally described. Euathlus diamante Ferretti sp. nov., E. sagei Ferretti sp. nov., and E. tenebrarum Ferretti sp. nov. are describedfrom the Mendoza and Neuque´n provinces of western Argentina. The cladistic analysis showed Euathlus as monophyleticsupported by the following synapomorphies: i) male tibial apophysis with fused branches bases; ii) presence of a ventralspine on retrolateral branch of male tibial apophysis; iii) sternum longer than wide. According to this cladistics analysis,a tree topology of (Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leita˜o 1946) (Plesiopelma longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman1942) (Grammostola anthracina (C.L. Koch 1842) (Phrixotrichus scrofa (Molina 1788) (E. tenebrarum sp. nov.(E. truculentus L. Koch 1875, E. sagei sp. nov. ((E. parvulus (Pocock 1903) (E. condorito Perafa´n & Pe´rez-Miles 2014,E. manicata (Simon 1892), E. atacama Perafa´n & Pe´rez-Miles 2014)) (E. antai Perafa´n & Pe´rez-Miles 2014, E. diamante sp.nov.)))))))) is reported.
Popisane nove tri druhy Euathlus diamante, E. sagei a E. tenebrarum.

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Z0oMb3E
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Z0oMb3E » 31. Marca 2016, 22:17

i ked tato sprava by sa mala skor volat starinka...
Spiders are an important animal group, with a long history. Details of their origins remain limited, with little knowledge of their stem group, and no insights into the sequence of character acquisition during spider evolution. We describe a new fossil arachnid, Idmonarachne brasieri gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Carboniferous (Stephanian, ca 305–299 Ma) of Montceau-les-Mines, France. It is three-dimensionally preserved within a siderite concretion, allowing both laboratory- and synchrotron-based phase-contrast computed tomography reconstruction. The latter is a first for siderite-hosted fossils and has allowed us to investigate fine anatomical details. Although distinctly spider-like in habitus, this remarkable fossil lacks a key diagnostic character of Araneae: spinnerets on the underside of the opisthosoma. It also lacks a flagelliform telson found in the recently recognized, spider-related, Devonian–Permian Uraraneida. Cladistic analysis resolves our new fossil as sister group to the spiders: the spider stem-group comprises the uraraneids and I. brasieri. While we are unable to demonstrate the presence of spigots in this fossil, the recovered phylogeny suggests the earliest character to evolve on the spider stem-group is the secretion of silk. This would have been followed by the loss of a flagelliform telson, and then the ability to spin silk using spinnerets. This last innovation defines the true spiders, significantly post-dates the origins of silk, and may be a key to the group's success. The Montceau-les-Mines locality has previously yielded a mesothele spider (with spinnerets). Evidently, Late Palaeozoic spiders lived alongside Palaeozoic arachnid grades which approached the spider condition, but did not express the full suite of crown-group autapomorphies.
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http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ ... 7/20160125
Okrem toho čo neviem, viem všetko! (Sokrates)

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Sceptic
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov

Príspevok od užívateľa Sceptic » 25. Apríla 2016, 16:49

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Bruno Grossi, Claudio Veloso, Andrés Taucare-Ríos, and Mauricio Canals. 2016. Allometry of locomotor organs and sexual size dimorphism in the mygalomorph spider Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology 44(1):99-102. 2016 
Abstract
Although sexual size dimorphism is a widely observed phenomenon in nature, the selective forces that led to it are still controversial. Here we study sexual dimorphism in the static allometry of the legs of a large ground spider, Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837). We found that this species has a moderate sexual size dimorphism and males have longer legs relative to body size than females, similar to other ground spiders. We propose that male mate searching behavior may be a relevant factor in the genesis of this phenomenon. The longer extremities in males with respect to mass than in females would lead to an optimization of the costs associated with locomotion, because males have smaller masses and longer legs than the females both in absolute terms and relative to body mass.Allometry of locomotor organs and sexual size dimorphism in the mygalomorph spider Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae, Theraphosidae) by Bruno Grossi, Claudio Veloso, Andrés Taucare-Ríos & Mauricio Canals pp. 99–102


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