Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
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Fernando Pérez-Miles, Ray Gabriel, and Danniella Sherwood "Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925, senior synonym of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 and Barropelma Chamberlin, 1940 (Araneae: Theraphosidae)," Arachnology 18(2), 150-155, (5 August 2019). https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2018.18.2.150
Cely rod Ami sa premenoval a presunul do rodu Neischnocolus s novym typovym druhom Neischnocolus panamanus.The recent rediscovery and examination of the holotype of Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925 and its comparison with type material of the genera Barropelma Chamberlin, 1940 and Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 led us to establish their generic synonymy. Ami species and the monotypic Barropelma parvior (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) fit with the diagnostic characters of Neischnocolus, with the presence of modified type I urticating setae and the singular spermathecal morphology. B. parvior is considered a junior synonym of N. panamanus syn. nov. based on genital organ morphology and geographical location. Ami bladesi Pérez- Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008 is also considered a junior synonym of Neischnocolus panamanus syn nov. based on genital organ morphology and geographical location. As a consequence, of the synonymies of the genera Barropelma and Ami with Neischnocolus, seven new combinations are created: N. amazonica comb. nov., N. armihuarensis comb. nov., N. caxiuana comb. nov., N. obscurus comb. nov., N. pijaos comb. nov., N. weinmanni comb. nov. and N. yupanquii comb. nov.
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Nanayakkara, R. P., Sumanapala, A. P. & Kirk, P. (2019). Another from Sri Lanka, after 126 years; Chilobrachys jonitriantisvansicklei sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from a fragmented forest patch in the wet zone of Sri Lanka. Journal of the British Tarantula Society 34(2): 25-36.
Popisany Chilobrachys jonitriantisvansicklei.The new species of Chilobrachys was collectedfrom a fragmented rainforest patch, 347hectares in extent, located in the KalutaraDistrict, Western Province of Sri Lanka. Thespecimens were collected from burrows on asoil embankment covered with bryophytes,along the road, with a clear tubular extensionmade up of soil and other debris. Interestingly,the majority of the known members of thegenus Chilobrachys are shades of brown, black orgrey, and lack vibrant colours or iridescentsheens on their dorsal surface. The collectedspecimen on the other hand has a metallicturquoise-blue sheen on all four legs and alsoan iridescent sheen on the carapace andabdomen. As such, the collected specimen,differs greatly from the other members of thegenus, including C. nitelinus, thereby warrantingits taxonomy description as a new species. Thediscovery was part of an ongoing, island-widestudy on the mygalomorph spiders in Sri Lanka.Here we describe the second species ofChilobrachys from Sri Lanka after 126 years.
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Longhorn, S. J. & Gabriel, R. (2019). Revised taxonomic status of some Mexican and Central American tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with transfers from Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901, and a new genus from the Pacific lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Arachnology 18(2): 101-120. doi:10.13156/arac.2018.18.2.101
-vznikol rod Sandinista s jedinym druhom Sandinista lanceolatum(ex Brachypelma fossoria, Eurypelma lanceolatum)The type material of several Central American tarantulas (Theraphosidae; Theraphosinae) were re-examined within a broader revision involving the defunct genus Eurypelma Koch, 1850 and the poorly defined Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901. Here, we create the new monotypic genus Sandinista gen. nov. for a revised taxon Sandinista lanceolatum (Simon, 1891) comb. nov., which is a small tarantula from the Pacific lowland dry forests of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It was originally described under Eurypelma and later transferred to Aphonopelma without justification. Based on comparison of type specimens against new material, we emphasise its unusual bulb anatomy to rediagnose it as a new genus with suggested close affinity to Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (sensu stricto), Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1897, and Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997. We also re-examined the type material of Brachypelma fossorium Valerio, 1980, which is here treated as a junior synonym of S. lanceolatum, syn. nov. We also discuss the Mexican/Central American genus Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1999, into which we transfer another former Eurypelma from the Yucatán. This species was later called Aphonopelma stoicum (Chamberlin, 1925), which we revise as Crassicrus stoicum comb. nov. and contrast against other described congeners. We also re-evaluate two other specimens later determined as Aphonopelma stoicum by Schmidt & Piepho (1997), including the alleged first female for the species, and consider them as mis-identified congeners. Finally, we provide some discussion on Citharacanthus meermani Reichling & West, 2000 from Belize in the context of Crassicrus, due to similar aspects of their male palpal bulb morphology, highlighting potentially informative aspects.
-Crassicrus stoicum (ex Aphonopelma stoicum)
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Gabriel, R. & Sherwood, D. (2019c). The revised taxonomic placement of some arboreal Ornithoctoninae Pocock, 1895 with description of a new species of Omothymus Thorell, 1891 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 18(2): 137-147.
-prvy opis samca Phormingochilus everettiAbstract
The chaotic taxonomy of the subfamily OrnithoctoninaePocock, 1895 is partially addressed, with a focus on redefiningthe arboreal genera Lampropelma Simon, 1892, OmothymusThorell, 1891, and Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895. Previousworks placing heavy emphasis on unstable taxonomic charactersare addressed and stable taxonomic features presented for theclear delineation of males of arboreal ornithoctonine genera.The male of Phormingochilus everetti Pocock, 1895 is described for the first time. A new species, Omothymus rafni sp. nov.is described from historical material collected in Sumatra.Lampropelma violaceopes Abraham, 1924 is transferred to Omothymus based on comparative leg measurements andgeographical location comb. nov. Lampropelma nigerrimumarboricola Schmidt & Barensteiner, 2015 is transferred to thegenus Phormingochilus with full species status acknowledged,giving the new combination Phormingochilus arboricolacomb. nov. Omothymus thorelli Simon, 1901 is considereda junior synonym of Omothymus schioedtei Thorell, 1891syn. nov., based on similar morphology and geographicallocations. Phormingochilus carpenteri Smith & Jacobi, 2015is transferred to the genus Lampropelma based on comparativeleg measurements and geographical location comb. nov.Phormingochilus kirki Smith & Jacobi, 2015 is considered ajunior synonym of L. carpenteri syn. nov. Phormingochilus fuchsi Strand, 1906 is transferred to the genus Omothymus basedon comparative leg measurement and geographic distributioncomb. nov. Phormingochilus tigrinus Pocock, 1895 is removedfrom synonymy with P. everetti based on the lack of justificationfor the synonymy comb. rest. Omothymus dromeus Chamberlin,1917 is removed from Omothymus and returned to the restoredgenus Melognathus comb. rest.
-novy druh Omothymus rafni
-Lampropelma violaceopes sa presunula do rodu Omothymus
-Lampropelma nigerrimumarboricola sa presunula do rodu Phormingochilus
-Phormingochilus carpenteri sa presunul do rodu Lampropelma a Phormingochilus kirki je povazovane za mladsie synonymum L. carpenteri (oba sa presunuli pod nazov Lampropelma carpenteri)
-Phormingochilus fuchsi je presunuty do rodu Omothymus
-Phormingochilus tigrinus sa uz nepovazuje za synonymum pre P. everetti
-Omothymus dromeus je opatovne vrateny do rodu Melognathus
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Foley, S., Lüddecke, T., Chen, D. Q., Krehenwinkel, H., Künzel, S., Longhorn, S., Wendt, I., Wirth, V. von, Tänzler, R., Vences, M. & Piel, W. H. (2019). Tarantula phylogenomics: A robust phylogeny of deep theraphosid clades inferred from transcriptome data sheds light on the prickly issue of urticating setae evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 140(106573): 1-12.
Mygalomorph spiders of the family Theraphosidae, known to the broader public as tarantulas, are among the most recognizable arachnids on earth due to their large size and widespread distribution. Their use of urticating setae is a notable adaptation that has evolved exclusively in certain New World theraphosids. Thus far, the evolutionary history of Theraphosidae remains poorly understood; theraphosid systematics still largely relies on morphological datasets, which suffer from high degrees of homoplasy, and traditional Sanger sequencing of preselected genes failed to provide strong support for supra-generic clades. In this study, we provide the first robust phylogenetic hypothesis of theraphosid evolution inferred from transcriptome data. A core ortholog approach was used to generate a phylogeny from 2460 orthologous genes across 25 theraphosid genera, representing all of the major theraphosid subfamilies, except Selenogyrinae. Our phylogeny recovers an unprecedented monophyletic group that comprises the vast majority of New World theraphosid subfamilies including Aviculariinae, Schismatothelinae and Theraphosinae. Concurrently, we provide additional evidence for the integrity of questionable subfamilies, such as Poecilotheriinae and Psalmopoeinae, and support the non-monophyly of Ischnocolinae. The deeper relationships between almost all subfamilies are confidently inferred. We also used our phylogeny in tandem with published morphological data to perform ancestral state analyses on urticating setae, and contextualize our reconstructions with emphasis on the complex evolutionary history of the trait.
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Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Gloor, D., Jäger, P. & Kropf, C. (2019). Tackling taxonomic redundancy in spiders: the infraspecific spider taxa described by Embrik Strand (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 58: 29-51.
Hysterocrates affinis angusticeps - Nomen dubium
Hysterocrates robustus sulcifera - (subspecies inquirenda)
Pseudhapalopus trinitatis pauciaculeis - (subspecies inquirenda)
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Mendoza, Jorge; Francke, Oscar (November 2019). "Systematic revision of Mexican threatened tarantulas Brachypelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), with a description of a new genus, and implications on the conservation". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
Celkom zasadne asak nie neocavane, rod Brachypelma sa rozdelil na dve samostatne rody Brachypelma a Tliltocatl.The tarantula genus Brachypelma includes colourful species that are highly sought after in the commercial pet trade. They are all included in CITES appendix II. We present phylogenetic analyses using molecular and morphological characters to revise Brachypelma, in which we include all currently known species. Our results agree with a previous study that shows the non-monophyly of Brachypelma. Both phylogenies strongly favour the division of Brachypelma into two smaller genera. The first clade (Brachypelma s.s.) is formed by B.albiceps, B. auratum, B. baumgarteni, B. boehmei, B. emilia, B. hamorii, B. klaasi and B. smithi. The species included in the second clade are transferred to the new genus Tliltocatl and is formed by T. albopilosum comb. nov., T. epicureanum comb. nov., T. kahlenbergi comb. nov., T. sabulosum comb. nov., T. schroederi comb. nov., T. vagans comb. nov. and T. verdezi comb. nov. Both genera can be differentiated by their coloration and the shape of the genitalia. We transfer to Tliltocatl: T. alvarezi, T. andrewi and T. aureoceps, but should be considered as nomina dubia. In addition, we transfer B. fossorium to Stichoplastoris. We discuss the implications of these taxonomical changes for CITES and for the Mexican Laws for wildlife protection.
B.albiceps, B. auratum, B. baumgarteni, B. boehmei, B. emilia, B. hamorii, B. klaasi a B. smithi
T. albopilosum, T. epicureanum, T. kahlenbergi, T. sabulosum, T. schroederi, T. vagans,T. verdezi (tvz. "vagans group")
Do rodu Tliltocatl boli presunute aj T. alvarezi, T. andrewi a T. aureoceps tie vsak povazuju za nomina dubia.
B. fossorium bola presunuta do rodu Stichoplastoris.
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Kaderka, Radan & Bulantová, Jana & Heneberg, Petr & Rezác, Milan. (2019). Urticating setae of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): morphology, revision of typology and terminology and implications for taxonomy.
Tarantula urticating setae are modified setae located on the abdomen or pedipalps, which represent an effective defensive mechanism against vertebrate or invertebrate predators and intruders. They are also useful taxonomic tools as morphological characters facilitating the classification of New World theraphosid spiders. In the present study, the morphology of urticating setae was studied on 144 taxa of New World theraphosids, including ontogenetic stages in chosen species, except for species with urticating setae of type VII. The typology of urticating setae was revised, and types I, III and IV were redescribed. The urticating setae in spiders with type I setae, which were originally among type III or were considered setae of intermediate morphology between types I and III, are newly considered to be ontogenetic derivatives of type I and are described as subtypes. Setae of intermediate morphology between that of body setae and type II urticating setae that were found in Iridopelma hirsutum Pocock, 1901 and Antillena rickwesti (Bertani & Huff, 2013) may provide another evidence that type II urticating setae evolved from body setae. It is supposed that the fusion of barbs with the shaft may lead to the morphology of type II setae. As the type II setae of Aviculariinae evolved independently to the UrS of Theraphosinae and both subfamilies represent two non-sister groups, this should explain the differences in the morphology of body setae in Aviculariinae and Theraphosinae. The terminology of “barbs” and “reversed barbs” was revised and redefined, newly emphasizing the real direction of barbs.
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Ríos Tamayo, Duniesky. (2019). Three new species of Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Argentina. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 1-13. 10.1080/01650521.2019.1696653.
Opisane nove tri druhy v rode Euathlus - mauryi, grismadoi, pampa.Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 is a South American genus of spiders of the family Theraphosidae known from Chile and Argentina. Three new species from Argentina: Euathlus mauryi sp. n. (from San Juan province), Euathlus grismadoi sp. n. (from La Rioja province), and Euathlus pampa sp. n. (from Salta province) are described here. New records of the previous species Euathlus diamante and Euathlus tenebrarum are contributed. The distribution of these new species expands the geographical distribution of the genus along the Andean hills, with Salta province as the northernmost record of the genus. A key is provided for identification of Euathlus species as well as a map with all the records in Argentina.
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Deng Z, Wang Y, Shi W, et al. Haplopelma hainanum venom induces inflammatory skin lesions. PeerJ. 2020;8:e8264. Published 2020 Jan 10. doi:10.7717/peerj.8264
The Haplopelma hainanum is a species of theraphosid spider from China. Its large size and charming appearance make this species a popular pet. According to a previous study, theraphosid spider bites can induce pain, erythema, and edema in humans and can present more severely in domestic animals. The pathological consequences of envenomation by H. hainanum remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation in mice. We showed that the venom induced slight swelling, intense inflammatory response, and increased the microvascular density in mice skin. Moreover, we found that 50 µg/ml of the spider’s venom induced IL-1β expression in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells, but repressed CXCL10 expression in fibroblasts. The venom significantly induced cell senescence and repressed cell proliferation and migration in both HaCaT cells and fibroblast cells. Finally, we examined the expression of Nav channel in HaCaT and fibroblast cells and found that H. hainanum venom effectively inhibited Na+ currents in HaCaT cells. Our study calls for further investigation of the pathological consequences and potential mechanisms of H. hainanum envenomation. This information might assist in the development of suitable therapy.
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Silva-Pereyra V, Fábrica CG, Biancardi CM, Pérez-Miles F. Kinematics of male Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Araneae, Theraphosidae) locomotion on different substrates and inclines. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7748. Published 2019 Sep 26. doi:10.7717/peerj.7748
Background The mechanics and energetics of spider locomotion have not been deeply investigated, despite their importance in the life of a spider. For example, the reproductive success of males of several species is dependent upon their ability to move from one area to another. The aim of this work was to describe gait patterns and analyze the gait parameters of Eupalaestrus weijenberghi (Araneae, Theraphosidae) in order to investigate the mechanics of their locomotion and the mechanisms by which they conserve energy while traversing different inclinations and surfaces. Methods Tarantulas were collected and marked for kinematic analysis. Free displacements, both level and on an incline, were recorded using glass and Teflon as experimental surfaces. Body segments of the experimental animals were measured, weighed, and their center of mass was experimentally determined. Through reconstruction of the trajectories of the body segments, we were able to estimate their internal and external mechanical work and analyze their gait patterns. Results Spiders mainly employed a walk-trot gait. Significant differences between the first two pairs and the second two pairs were detected. No significant differences were detected regarding the different planes or surfaces with respect to duty factor, time lags, stride frequency, and stride length. However, postural changes were observed on slippery surfaces. The mechanical work required for traversing a level plane was lower than expected. In all conditions, the external work, and within it the vertical work, accounted for almost all of the total mechanical work. The internal work was extremely low and did not rise as the gradient increased. Discussion Our results support the idea of considering the eight limbs functionally divided into two quadrupeds in series. The anterior was composed of the first two pairs of limbs, which have an explorative and steering purpose and the posterior was more involved in supporting the weight of the body. The mechanical work to move one unit of mass a unit distance is almost constant among the different species tested. However, spiders showed lower values than expected. Minimizing the mechanical work could help to limit metabolic energy expenditure that, in small animals, is relatively very high. However, energy recovery due to inverted pendulum mechanics only accounts for only a small fraction of the energy saved. Adhesive setae present in the tarsal, scopulae, and claw tufts could contribute in different ways during different moments of the step cycle, compensating for part of the energetic cost on gradients which could also help to maintain constant gait parameters.
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Fukushima C, Mendoza JI, West RC, et al. Species conservation profiles of tarantula spiders (Araneae, Theraphosidae) listed on CITES. Biodivers Data J. 2019;7:e39342. Published 2019 Nov 8. doi:10.3897/BDJ.7.e39342
CITES is an international agreement between governments to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Regarding spiders, all species listed in CITES are tarantulas. They are included in Appendix II, meaning that they are species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that they may become so unless trade is closely controlled. Many tarantulas are legally and illegally traded in the pet market and they are one of the most traded invertebrate groups. Originally, the CITES list published in 1995 included all the current species of the genus Brachypelma Simon, 1891 plus Aphonopelma pallidum (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) and the so-called Aphonopelma albiceps (Pocock, 1903). After that, some taxonomic changes were done, as well as descriptions of new species in the genus Brachypelma. The objective of this paper is to assess the 21 taxonomically valid spider species listed on CITES according to the IUCN criteria, study the general patterns and trends and advise on possible future conservation actions critical for the survival of endangered species.
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Aguilera MA, Montenegro V R, Casanueva ME. Impact of disturbed areas on Theraphosidae spiders diversity (Araneae) and first population data of Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer) in Panul Park. Ecol Evol. 2019;9(10):5802–5809. Published 2019 May 8. doi:10.1002/ece3.5163
Soil fauna constitutes one of the most abundant and richest environments on earth (Coleman et al. 2004, Fundamentals of solil ecology, 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK). Different degrees of soil disturbance can affect arthropod diversity, which allows a correlation of biodiversity to quality of habitat. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of habitat on Theraphosidae spiders, with special focus on Grammostola rosea. Slight differences in the diversity of Theraphosidae between the disturbed area of Cerro Huechuraba and the undisturbed Panul Park were found. However, a high dominance of G. rosea was observed in both study areas. G. rosea density 1,350 ind/ha in Panul Park, and 750 ind/ha in Cerro Huechuraba. UPGMA cluster analysis did not show significant differences between established environments. A standard methodology to develop inventories of Theraphosidae was proposed. The distribution of G. rosea and its natural history were reported.
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Machałowski T, Wysokowski M, Tsurkan MV, et al. Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Caribena versicolor Spider Molt Cuticle. Molecules. 2019;24(20):3736. Published 2019 Oct 16. doi:10.3390/molecules24203736
Chitin, as a fundamental polysaccharide in invertebrate skeletons, continues to be actively investigated, especially with respect to new sources and the development of effective methods for its extraction. Recent attention has been focused on marine crustaceans and sponges; however, the potential of spiders (order Araneae) as an alternative source of tubular chitin has been overlooked. In this work, we focused our attention on chitin from up to 12 cm-large Theraphosidae spiders, popularly known as tarantulas or bird-eating spiders. These organisms “lose” large quantities of cuticles during their molting cycle. Here, we present for the first time a highly effective method for the isolation of chitin from Caribena versicolor spider molt cuticle, as well as its identification and characterization using modern analytical methods. We suggest that the tube-like molt cuticle of this spider can serve as a naturally prefabricated and renewable source of tubular chitin with high potential for application in technology and biomedicine.
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Lüddecke T, Vilcinskas A, Lemke S. Phylogeny-Guided Selection of Priority Groups for Venom Bioprospecting: Harvesting Toxin Sequences in Tarantulas as a Case Study. Toxins (Basel). 2019;11(9):488. Published 2019 Aug 25. doi:10.3390/toxins11090488
Animal venoms are promising sources of novel drug leads, but their translational potential is hampered by the low success rate of earlier biodiscovery programs, in part reflecting the narrow selection of targets for investigation. To increase the number of lead candidates, here we discuss a phylogeny-guided approach for the rational selection of venomous taxa, using tarantulas (family Theraphosidae) as a case study. We found that previous biodiscovery programs have prioritized the three subfamilies Ornithoctoninae, Selenocosmiinae, and Theraphosinae, which provide almost all of the toxin sequences currently available in public databases. The remaining subfamilies are poorly represented, if at all. These overlooked subfamilies include several that form entire clades of the theraphosid life tree, such as the subfamilies Eumenophorinae, Harpactirinae, and Stromatopelminae, indicating that biodiversity space has not been covered effectively for venom biodiscovery in Theraphosidae. Focusing on these underrepresented taxa will increase the likelihood that promising candidates with novel structures and mechanisms of action can be identified in future bioprospecting programs.
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Kumar V, Tyagi K, Chakraborty R, et al. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of endemic giant tarantula, Lyrognathus crotalus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) and comparative analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):74. Published 2020 Jan 9. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57065-8
The complete mitochondrial genome of Lyrognathus crotalus is sequenced, annotated and compared with other spider mitogenomes. It is 13,865 bp long and featured by 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region (CR). Most of the PCGs used ATN start codon except cox3, and nad4 with TTG. Comparative studies indicated the use of TTG, TTA, TTT, GTG, CTG, CTA as start codons by few PCGs. Most of the tRNAs were truncated and do not fold into the typical cloverleaf structure. Further, the motif (CATATA) was detected in CR of nine species including L. crotalus. The gene arrangement of L. crotalus compared with ancestral arthropod showed the transposition of five tRNAs and one tandem duplication random loss (TDRL) event. Five plesiomophic gene blocks (A-E) were identified, of which, four (A, B, D, E) retained in all taxa except family Salticidae. However, block C was retained in Mygalomorphae and two families of Araneomorphae (Hypochilidae and Pholcidae). Out of 146 derived gene boundaries in all taxa, 15 synapomorphic gene boundaries were identified. TreeREx analysis also revealed the transposition of trnI, which makes three derived boundaries and congruent with the result of the gene boundary mapping. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed similar topologies and congruent with morphology, and previously reported multi-gene phylogeny. However, the Gene-Order based phylogeny showed sister relationship of L. crotalus with two Araneomorphae family members (Hypochilidae and Pholcidae) and other Mygalomorphae species.
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Estrada-Gomez S, Cardoso FC, Vargas-Muñoz LJ, et al. Venomic, Transcriptomic, and Bioactivity Analyses of Pamphobeteus verdolaga Venom Reveal Complex Disulfide-Rich Peptides That Modulate Calcium Channels. Toxins (Basel). 2019;11(9):496. Published 2019 Aug 27. doi:10.3390/toxins11090496
Pamphobeteus verdolaga is a recently described Theraphosidae spider from the Andean region of Colombia. Previous reports partially characterized its venom profile. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis that includes reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC), calcium influx assays, tandem mass spectrometry analysis (tMS/MS), and venom-gland transcriptome. rp-HPLC fractions of P. verdolaga venom showed activity on CaV2.2, CaV3.2, and NaV1.7 ion channels. Active fractions contained several peptides with molecular masses ranging from 3399.4 to 3839.6 Da. The tMS/MS analysis of active fraction displaying the strongest activity to inhibit calcium channels showed sequence fragments similar to one of the translated transcripts detected in the venom-gland transcriptome. The putative peptide of this translated transcript corresponded to a toxin, here named ω-theraphositoxin-Pv3a, a potential ion channel modulator toxin that is, in addition, very similar to other theraphositoxins affecting calcium channels (i.e., ω-theraphotoxin-Asp1a). Additionally, using this holistic approach, we found that P. verdolaga venom is an important source of disulfide-rich proteins expressing at least eight superfamilies.
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
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Almeida, M. Q., Salvatierra, L. & Morais, J. W. de (2019). A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. Turkish Journal of Zoology 43(6): 641-643. doi:10.3906/zoo-1904-26
Opisany novy druh Neischnocolus valentinae (ex Ami), len podla samca. Cela praca s otaznikom.Abstract: A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 is described from the state of Amazonas in Brazil based on three males from Manaus. Ami valentinae sp. nov. is closely related to A. armihuariensis and A. caxiuana by the presence of a granular area on the embolus, but it differs from the first species by the presence of two retrolateral process on the male palpal tibia and differs by the latter by the morphology of the male palpal organ. A. valentinae sp. nov. is the first species of Ami reported for the Amazonas state and second species described for Brazil.
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Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Gloor, D., Jäger, P. & Kropf, C. (2020). How to deal with destroyed type material? The case of Embrik Strand (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen 59: 22-29.
Zaujimava praca, ktora z casti pojednava o velkom probleme taxonomie - znicene, stratene typove druhy, kontretne muzeum Lubeck.Abstract. When the museums of Lübeck, Stuttgart, Tübingen and partly of Wiesbaden were destroyed during World War II between 1942 and 1945, also all or parts of their type material were destroyed, among them types from spider species described by Embrik Strand between 1906 and 1917. He did not illustrate type material from 181 species and one subspecies and described them only in an insufficient manner. These species were never recollected during more than 110 years and no additional taxonomically relevant information was published in the arachnological literature. It is impossible to recognize them, so we declare these 181 species here as nomina dubia. Four of these species belong to monotypic genera, two of them to a ditypic genus described by Strand in the context of the mentioned species descriptions. Consequently, without including valid species, the five genera Carteroniella Strand, 1907, Eurypelmella Strand, 1907, Theumella Strand, 1906, Thianella Strand, 1907 and Tmeticides Strand, 1907 are here also declared as nomina dubia. Palystes modificus minor Strand, 1906 is a junior synonym of P. superciliosus L. Koch, 1875 syn. nov.
Nomina dubia
Rod
Eurypelmella
Druh
Brachionopus leptopelmiformis
Citharacanthus sargi
Cyriopagopus robustus
Cyriopagopus salangensis
Eumenophorus stridulantissimus
Grammostola monticola
Harpactira guttata
Heterothele villosella
Hysterocrates affinis
Hysterocrates haasi
Phoneyusa minima
Hysterocrates spellenbergi
Hysterocrates vosseleri
Loxoptygus erlangeri
Cyriopagopus salangense
Eumenophorus stridulantissimus
Phormictopus brasiliensis
Selenocosmia subvulpina
Selenogyrus brunneus
Species inquirenda
Pseudhapalopus aculeatus
Uvedene druhy nie su ziadnym prekvapenim, okrem Heterothele villosella. Tu bude nutny reopis, nove rodove zaradenie.
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Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. (2020b). Lectotype designation for the selenocosmiine spider Chilobrachys tschankhoensis Schenkel, 1963 with notes on its taxonomic placement (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnida – Rivista Aracnologica Italiana 26: 33-38.
The taxonomic placement of the selenocosmiine spider Chilobrachys tschankhoensis Schenkel, 1963 is discussed, a lectotype is assigned and C. tschankhoensis is thereafter proposed as a nomen dubium.
Chilobrachys tschankhoensis - nomen dubium
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Montemor, V. M., West, R. C., Zamani, A., Moradmand, M., Wirth, V. von, Wendt, I., Huber, S. & Guadanucci, J. P. L. (2020). Taxonomy of the genus Ischnocolus in the Middle East, with description of a new species from Oman and Iran (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoology in the Middle East 66(1): 76-90.
Novy druh Ischnocolus vanandelae.Spider material collected from Oman and Iran revealed a new species of the genus Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871, which is described as I. vanandelae sp. n. New records of I. jickelii L. Koch, 1875 from Saudi Arabia, Yemen and United Arab Emirates show a larger distribution of this species than previously known. The natural history of I. vanandelae sp. n. and I. jickelii is described and the rather unusual colour polymorphism of the latter is discussed. The genus now includes eight species, whose distribution is mapped.
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Sunil Jose, K. (2020). A new species of megalomorph [sic] spider Neoheterophrictus from Western Ghats. Indian Journal of Entomology 81(4, 2019): 667-669. [publ. in Jan. 2020] doi:10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00195.0
The Oriental genus Neoheterophrictus is endemic to the Western Ghats ofIndia and herein a new species collected from Chimmini wildlife sanctuary, Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis sp. nov., is described. This raises the number of Neoheterophrictus spp. from India to eight.
Novy druh Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis.
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Nanayakkara, R. P., Ganehiarachi, G. A. S. M., Kusuminda, T., Vishvanath, N., Karunaratne, M. K. & Kirk, P. (2020). A new species of Tiger spider in the genus Poecilotheria Pocock, 1899 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Belihuloya, Sri Lanka. Journal of the British Tarantula Society 34(3, 2019): 3-17. [publ. in Jan. 2020]
Novy druh Poecilotheria srilankensis.A new species of arboreal Theraphosidae spider from the genus Poecilotheria is described. This represents the second new Poecilotheria species described from the intermediate zone in Sri Lanka. Images are presented to distinguish the new species from Sri Lankan congeners. Key words: Poecilotheria, New Species, Sri Lanka, Theraphosidae, Intermediate Zone.
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Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. (2020a). Complimentary morphological data for the theraphosid spider Sickius longibulbi Soares & Camargo, 1948 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnida – Rivista Aracnologica Italiana 26: 26-32.
Digital images of the palpal bulb, tibial apophyses and metatarsal spur of Sickius longibulbi Soares et Camargo, 1948 are presented based on nontype material from the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum.
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Galleti-Lima, Arthur & Guadanucci, Jose Paulo. (2019). Comparative morphology of stridulating setae of Theraphosinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger. 283. 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.010.
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Theraphosid spiders are repleted with cuticular structures that evolved into distinct morphologies and developed different functions. The stridulatory apparatus present in the subfamily Theraphosinae is composed by a group of setae and opposed organs (ridged surface) that emit sound through friction. Only sixteen genera of Theraphosinae spiders were reported with stridulatory setae: Acanthoscurria, Aguapanela, Brachypelma, Citharacanthus, Cyrtopholis, Grammostola, Hemirrhagus, Lasiodora, Longilyra, Nhandu, Theraphosa, Pamphobeteus, Phormictopus, Proshapalopus, Pterinopelma and Vitalius. Besides these stridulating setae, other cuticular structures have been traditionally used in Theraphosinae taxonomy: the plumose scopula on the lateral faces of femora I and IV. However, the ultrastructure of these setae and scopulae was never studied in detail. Here, we analyzed the diversity of cuticular structures on coxae, trochanters and femora of Theraphosinae spiders using SEM. Beside the description of plumose and claviform stridulating setae on femora, we established five distinct variations of stridulatory setae found on coxae and trochanters and report their presence for the genus Megaphobema, Crassicrus and Cotztetlana for the first time.
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Willian Fabiano-Da-Silva, José Paulo Leite Guadanucci & MArcio Bernardino Dasilva (2019): Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), Systematics and Biodiversity
Opisane nove druhy v rode Tmesiphantes - T. amazonicus, T. guayarus, T. nordestinus a T. raulseixasi.The tarantula genus Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Theraphosinae) includes nine valid species, with records for the states of Bahia (T. nubilus, T. caymmii, T. amadoi, T. bethaniae, T. hypogeus, and T. mirim), Minas Gerais (T. perp and T. riopretano), and Para (T. aridai), all in Brazil. In the present study, we reviewed the taxonomy of the Tmesiphantes species and performed a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters. Four new species are described: T. amazonicus sp. nov., T. guayarus sp. nov., T. nordestinus sp. nov., and T. raulseixasi sp. nov., which expand the geographic distribution for the following states in Brazil: Goias, Mato Grosso, Piauı, Paraıba, and Pernambuco, occurring in the Caatinga shrublands Cerrado savannas, Atlantic rain forest, and Brazilian Amazon. Phylogenetic analysis included 30 terminal taxa and 37 characters, including representatives of nine genera of Theraphosinae. The Tmesiphantes species formed a monophyletic group with the species hitherto included in Melloleitaoina and Magulla, with the latter being paraphyletic, which led us to propose the synonymy of these three genera. An updated diagnosis is proposed for the genus Tmesiphantes, which now comprises 19 species, occurring in major Brazilian biomes and in Argentina. A distribution map that includes all Tmesiphantes species and notes on their distributions are provided.
Pracu je treba brat s rezervou - nie je uvedena ani v katalogu pavukov. Dovodom moze byt slaba diagnoza rodu Tmesiphantes.
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Nicoletta M., Chaparro J.C., Mamani L., Ochoa J.A., West R.C. & Ferretti N.E. 2020. Two new endemic species of Bistriopelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Peru, including a new remarkable horned tarantula. European Journal of Taxonomy 644: 1–20.
Opisane dve nove pavuky rodu Bistriopelma, peyoi a kiwicha. Hlavne vyrastok na hlave Bistriopelma peyoi je velmi efektny.Abstract. The spider genus Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 is endemic to Peru and includes three species known to date: Bistriopelma lamasi Kaderka, 2015, B. matuskai Kaderka, 2015 and B. titicaca Kaderka, 2017. The present contribution diagnoses, describes and illustrates two new species of Bistriopelma from Peru: B. peyoi sp. nov. and B. kiwicha sp. nov., both based on male and female. The male of B. peyoi sp. nov. is provided with a remarkable thoracic horn, and the species is the first horned tarantula for this genus. An updated distribution map for all known species is presented.
![Obrázok](https://scontent-vie1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/97135368_995860177483059_4355299105333837824_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&_nc_sid=110474&_nc_ohc=f_4VpgyYSdYAX99Z6n2&_nc_ht=scontent-vie1-1.xx&oh=d07c3e443422f7bb9be74b0c3cf87a89&oe=5EE2BE71)
edit 26.5.2020
* tuto pracu treba brat s rezervou
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Gabriel, R. & Sherwood, D. (2020a). Revised taxonomic placement of Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907, with notes on some related taxa (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 18(4): 301-316. doi:10.13156/arac.2020.18.4.301
Na zaklade chybajucich typovych druhov vznikli nasledujuce presuny. Genotyp Pseudhapalopus aculeatus je povazovany za species inquirenda. Vznikol novy rod Cymbiapophysa, kde sa presunul druh velox (ex Metriopelma, Pseudhapalopus) a opisal novy druh yimana. Taktiez vznikol novy rod Spinosatibiapalpus, kde sa presunuli spinulopalpus, trinitatis pauciaculeis a trinitatis (ex Pseudhapalopus) a opisal novy druh tansleyi. Tak ako som predpokladal Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (ex Euathlus) je povazovana za nomen dubium. Vznikol taktiez reopis Miaschistopus tetricus.The taxonomic placement of species within the genus Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 is addressed and revised in a modern context alongside other similar taxa. The genotype Pseudhapalopus aculeatus Strand, 1907 is proposed as a species inquirenda. Cymbiapophysa gen. nov. is established to house Cymbiapophysa velox (Pocock, 1903) comb. nov. and Cymbiapophysa yimana sp. nov., based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Spinosatibiapalpus gen. nov. is established to house Spinosatibiapalpus spinulopalpus Schmidt & Weinmann, 1997 comb. nov., Spinosatibiapalpus tansleyi sp. nov. and Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatis comb. nov. based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Pseudhapalopus trinitatis pauciaculeis (Strand, 1916) is proposed as a junior synonym of Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatis syn. nov. based on indistinguishable palpal bulb, tibial apophysis, and palpal tibial morphology. Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is proposed as a nomen dubium due to the condition of the holotype and an inadequate original description. The monotypic species Miaschistopus tetricus (Simon, 1889) is redescribed with an emended generic diagnosis. New aspects of palpal bulb morphology are considered with introduction of novel terminology.
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Andre, C. (2020). Tree selectivity by the theraphosid spider Typhochlaena costae Bertani, 2012 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society 34(3, 2019): 22-41. [publ. in Jan. 2020]
Praca sa zaobera zivotnymi prejavmi tohto rodu.Natural history data for the theraphosid spider Typhochlaena costae, obtained from central Tocantins, Brazil, is presented herewith. The species shows an arboreal trapdoor lifestyle. Aspects such as species abundance, habitat dispersion and microhabitat selection are studied with the support of statistical analysis. Most of the highly camouflaged retreats were located at a height of 3.1 m ± 1.3 m, whilst observations showed a frequency distribution shifted towards larger trees. A high grade of specialisation in the form of a preference for the host tree Caryocar brasiliense, locally known as "pequi", as observed. As a possible sign of this preference, specialised adaptive resemblances, including (imperfect) masquerade /(phyto-) mimesis, previously unknown in mygalomorph spiders, are discussed.
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Gabriel, R. & Sherwood, D. (2020b). Revised taxonomic placement of some Mesoamerican Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895, with description of three new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 18(4): 387-398. doi:10.13156/arac.2020.18.4.387
Opisane tri nove druhy v rode Psalmopoeus - copanensis, sandersoni a petenensis.Three new species of the genus Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 are described from Central America: P. copanensis sp. nov. from Honduras, P. sandersoni sp. nov. from Belize, and P. petenensis sp. nov. from Guatemala. The taxonomic placement of other species within the Reduncus Group is addressed: P. intermedius Chamberlin, 1940 is redescribed and its type locality discussed, P. reduncus (Karsch, 1880) is redescribed from a lectotype and paralectotype designated herein, P. maya Witt, 1996 is considered a species inquirenda based on the type series being absent from its stated repository, and additional morphological data for P. victori Mendoza, 2014 is detailed to complement the original description. Furthermore, a morphometric methodology for evaluation of female spermathecae is presented and its use in species delineation discussed.
Reopis druhu P. intermedius, P. reduncus.
P. maya je povazovana za species inquirenda.
Doplneny opis P. victori (komparacie k inym druhom v rode).
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Fabiano-da-Silva, W., Guadanucci, J. P. L., Alayón G., G., Lucas, S. M. & Silva, M. B. da (2020). Taxonomy of the genus Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Cuban species described by Pelegrín Franganillo Balboa. Zootaxa 4779(1): 79-90.
Reopis druhov Cyrtopholis plumosa, Cyrtopholis major, Cyrtopholis unispina, Cyrtopholis gibbosa.Cyrtopholis Simon 1892 is a spider genus from the Caribbean islands characterized by the presence of stridulatory setae on trochanter of palps and legs I. Franganillo Balboa described eight species of Cyrtopholis Simon 1892 from Cuba between 1926–1936. The type-material is deposited in the Instituto de Ecología y Sistematica do Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, La Habana, Cuba. Four species are redescribed here: Cyrtopholis plumosa Franganillo, 1931, Cyrtopholis major Franganillo, 1926, Cyrtopholis unispina Franganillo, 1926 and Cyrtopholis gibbosa Franganillo, 1936. Cyrtopholis ischnoculoformis Franganillo, 1926 is based on a juvenile specimen without stridulatory setae, and it is therefore considered here as species inquirenda. The type-material of two other species were not located: Cyrtopholis anacanta Franganillo, 1935 and Cyrtopholis obsoleta (Franganillo, 1935), and are considered to be lost. These two species are here considered as species inquirenda, since the original descriptions do not permit identification. Cyrtopholis respina Franganillo 1935 is considered a nomen dubium, due to the lack of a formal description and a doubtful citation.
Cyrtopholis ischnoculoformis, Cyrtopholis anacanta, Cyrtopholis obsoleta su povazovane za species inquirenda.
Cyrtopholis respina je povazovany za nomen dubium.
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R. Gabriel, (2020) Revised taxonomic placement of some species in Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 and Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) Arachnology 18 (5), 409–429
Acanthoscurria cordubensis - starsie synonym pre Acanthoscurria suina, Acanthoscurria borealis a Acanthoscurria bolleiThe taxonomic placement of 11 species belonging to the genus Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 and one species from the genus Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 are re-examined. Acanthoscurria convexa (C. L. Koch, 1842) is regarded as nomen dubium because there is no holotype specimen, the original description is poor, and there are no type location data. Acanthoscurria cordubensis Thorell, 1894 is redescribed and regarded as the senior synonym of Acanthoscurria suina Pocock, 1903 syn. nov., Acanthoscurria borealis Schmidt & Peters, 2005 syn. nov., and Acanthoscurria bollei Schmidt, 2005 syn. nov., based on similar geography, and morphology of the spermathecae, male bulb, and leg I and palpal tibial apophyses. Acanthoscurria proxima (Mello-Leitão, 1923) is regarded as nomen dubium because identification cannot be reliably determined between the two species found in the area. Acanthoscurria maga Simon, 1892 is regarded as the senior synonym of Acanthoscurria antillensis Pocock, 1903 syn. nov., based on similar morphology of the male bulb, and leg I and palpal tibial apophyses, and is redescribed along with the female. Acanthoscurria minor Ausserer, 1871 is regarded as nomen dubium because the type specimen is lost, along with a poor description and illustration. Acanthoscurria musculosa Simon, 1892 is also redescribed and regarded as the senior synonym of Acanthoscurria sternalis Pocock, 1903 syn. nov., and Acanthoscurria hirsutissimasterni Schmidt, 2007 syn. nov., based on similar geography, and morphology of the spermathecae, male bulb, and leg I and palpal tibial apophyses. The distribution of Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000 is extended into Guyana. Eupalaestrus guyanus (Simon, 1892) is regarded as a junior synonym of Eupalaestrus campestratus (Simon, 1891) syn. nov., based on morphology of the bulb, leg I and palpal tibial apophyses.
Acanthoscurria maga - starsie synonym pre Acanthoscurria antillensis
Acanthoscurria musculosa - starsie synonym pre Acanthoscurria sternalis a Acanthoscurria hirsutissimasterni
Acanthoscurria proxima - nomen dubium
Acanthoscurria minor - nomen dubium
Eupalaestrus guyanus - je mladsie synonymum pre Eupalaestrus campestratus
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Lucas, S. M., Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A. D. (2020). New combination and redescription of Bumba humile, description of four new species and new records from Brazil (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zoologia 37(e46744): 1-17. doi:10.3897/zoologia.37.e46744
Homoeomma humile presunuta do rodu Bumba.ABSTRACT. The taxonomic history of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is mainly based on the inclusion of the new species. Bumba have been characterized by the type IV urticating setae present, retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, palpal bulb resting in a ventral distal excavation of palpal tibia, metatarsus I passes between the two branches of tibial apophysis when flexed, presence of spiniform setae on prolateral and retrolateral sides of maxillae and coxae I-IV. In this paper we include the row of teeth (denticulate row) in the median region of the inferior prolateral keel in all male palps. This structure range from a residual tooth to a ridge of up to five teeth. Both, the denticulate row and the retrolateral process on male palpal tibia in males could be considered as putative synapomorphies for Bumba. Here, Homoeomma humile Vellard, 1924 is transferred to Bumba and redescribed, while the female is described for the first time. Bumba cabocla (Pérez-Miles, 2000) is synonymyzed with B. horrida (Schmidt, 1994). Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is transferred to Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871. Four new species are described and illustrated: Bumba tapajos sp. nov. from state of Pará, Bumba cuiaba sp. nov. and Bumba rondonia sp. nov., both from states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, respectively, and Bumba mineiros sp. nov. from Paraguay and the Brazilian states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Diagnosis of B. horrida and B. lennoni are extended and figures of this species are presented.
Bumba cabocla je synonymum Bumba horrida.
Nove druhy Bumba tapajos, Bumba cuiaba, Bumba rondonia, Bumba mineiros.
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
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Tamajón Gómez, R., Pertegal Pérez, C. & Rodríguez Castilla, G. (2020). Primeros registros de Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Araneae: Theraphosidae) en la provincia de Córdoba (Andalucía, España). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 36: 165-166.
Zdokumentovany vyskyt Ischnocolus valentinus v okoli Posadas, Cordoba, Spanielsko.Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (Araneae: Theraphosidae) is reported for the first time from Cordoba province (Andalusia, Spain), with two populations, one in the north (La Sierrezuela, Posadas) and the other one in the south (Cortijo de Tíscar, Valley of Genil River, Puente Genil).
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
Kód: Vybrať všetko
Quispe-Colca, O. M. & Kaderka, R. (2020). Bistriopelma fabianae, a new species of tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) in a queñua forest from southern Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología 27(3): 273-282. doi:10.15381/rpb.v27i3.16295
Opisany novy druh Bistriopelma fabianae.A new species of Bistriopelma Kaderka 2015, Bistriopelma fabianae sp. nov., from the Arequipa region in southern Peru is described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Specimens were found in a Queñua forest (Polylepis rugulosa Bitter) spread out on the slopes of Pichu Pichu volcano in the buffer zone of Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve. Biological and ecological data of B. fabianae sp. nov. are provided as well as notes on B. kiwicha and B. peyoi, two new species recently described from Apurimac and Cusco regions.
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Hildebrand, A., Hüsser, M. & Rast, B. (2020). Revision Avicularia und Änderungen fürs Hobby. Arachne 25(2): 22-38
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Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. (2020c). Redescription of the enigmatic Costa Rican spider Aenigmarachne sinapophysis Schmidt, 2005 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 18(5): 440-443.
Reopis druhu Aenigmarachne sinapophysis.The Costa Rican theraphosine Aenigmarachne sinapophysis Schmidt, 2005 is redescribed and the problematic type locality given by Schmidt (2005) is discussed. Other inconsistencies were found in Schmidt (2005), including erroneous information on urticating setae types, and are addressed. The systematic placement of Aenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005 in relation to other Mesoamerican theraphosine genera is briefly discussed, within the confines of the presently available data.
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Fabiano-da-Silva, W., Guadanucci, J. P. L., Alayón G., G., Lucas, S. M. & Silva, M. B. da (2020). Taxonomy of the genus Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Cuban species described by Pelegrín Franganillo Balboa. Zootaxa 4779(1): 79-90.
Reopis druhov Cyrtopholis plumosa, Cyrtopholis major, Cyrtopholis unispina, Cyrtopholis gibbosa.Cyrtopholis Simon 1892 is a spider genus from the Caribbean islands characterized by the presence of stridulatory setae on trochanter of palps and legs I. Franganillo Balboa described eight species of Cyrtopholis Simon 1892 from Cuba between 1926–1936. The type-material is deposited in the Instituto de Ecología y Sistematica do Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, La Habana, Cuba. Four species are redescribed here: Cyrtopholis plumosa Franganillo, 1931, Cyrtopholis major Franganillo, 1926, Cyrtopholis unispina Franganillo, 1926 and Cyrtopholis gibbosa Franganillo, 1936. Cyrtopholis ischnoculoformis Franganillo, 1926 is based on a juvenile specimen without stridulatory setae, and it is therefore considered here as species inquirenda. The type-material of two other species were not located: Cyrtopholis anacanta Franganillo, 1935 and Cyrtopholis obsoleta (Franganillo, 1935), and are considered to be lost. These two species are here considered as species inquirenda, since the original descriptions do not permit identification. Cyrtopholis respina Franganillo 1935 is considered a nomen dubium, due to the lack of a formal description and a doubtful citation.
Cyrtopholis ischnoculoformis, Cyrtopholis anacanta, Cyrtopholis obsoleta - species inquirenda (typove druhy stratene)
Cyrtopholis respina - nomen dubium
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Re: Novinky v taxonomii a vo svete vtackarov
Kód: Vybrať všetko
Lucas, S. M., Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A. D. (2020). New combination and redescription of Bumba humile, description of four new species and new records from Brazil (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zoologia 37(e46744): 1-17.
Reopis Bumba humilis (ex Homoeomma humile).ABSTRACT. The taxonomic history of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is mainly based on the inclusion of the new species. Bumba have been characterized by the type IV urticating setae present, retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, palpal bulb resting in a ventral distal excavation of palpal tibia, metatarsus I passes between the two branches of tibial apophysis when flexed, presence of spiniform setae on prolateral and retrolateral sides of maxillae and coxae I-IV. In this paper we include the row of teeth (denticulate row) in the median region of the inferior prolateral keel in all male palps. This structure range from a residual tooth to a ridge of up to five teeth. Both, the denticulate row and the retrolateral process on male palpal tibia in males could be considered as putative synapomorphies for Bumba. Here, Homoeomma humile Vellard, 1924 is transferred to Bumba and redescribed, while the female is described for the first time. Bumba cabocla (Pérez-Miles, 2000) is synonymyzed with B. horrida (Schmidt, 1994). Bumbapulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is transferred to CyclosternumAusserer, 1871. Four new species are described and illustrated: Bumba tapajos sp. nov. from state of Pará, Bumba cuiaba sp. nov. and Bumba rondonia sp. nov., bothfrom states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, respectively, and Bumba mineiros sp. nov. from Paraguay and the Brazilian states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Diagnosis of B. horrida and B. lennoni are extended and figures of this species are presented.
Bumba horrida je synonymum pre Bumba cabocla.
Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi presunuta do rodu Cyclosternum.
Opisane nove druhy - Bumba tapajos, Bumba cuiaba, Bumba rondonia, Bumba mineiros.